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Category: technology

AI on AI

Note: I have tried to make it clear in the text here but everything in this post starting with the text “### blog post” and beyond is a direct copy and paste from ChatGPT and not authored by myself.

As AI is introduced into more and more of society, I use it myself for a range of tasks. There’s the obvious picture descriptions, where as someone who’s blind, AI has made meaningful enhancements to many things I do.

I also like to try AI for various tasks to get a sense of what’s possible and where the technology still has room for improvement. Today I had a seemingly straight forward task for ChatGPT:

Take my exported reading list of more than 2000 books from Goodreads, identify books that came from series and how many books from those series I’ve read. In addition, for all books, add a two line summary of the book as well as list the main characters from the book.

The odd things AI does on the most basic of tasks are always interesting. It did a reasonable job of identifying books in the proper series but failed completely to indicate how many books were in a given series. In fact more than once, despite repeated prompting, ChatGPT indicated that the more than 100 series it identified from my reading list all had the same number of titles. The first time this was five books in each series. The second nine. Only after a third prompt pointing out the errors and a prompt to investigate further did the numbers start to match reality.

I didn’t really expect to get quality results for the second part of my request around plot summaries or lists of characters. I was largely curious to see what happened. Here again though, AI was a bit perplexing.

The first attempt for this information inserted the same generic description for each book and list of characters. I also asked for a confidence level about the information and ChatGPT rated each book’s information as being highly confident about the accuracy.

A follow-up prompt pointing out how the information was all duplicated and again asking for improvement produced both the same and different results. The same was that the information was repeated for each book. The different came in the form of rating the same duplicate responses as having medium confidence this time around and a slight rewording of the repeated text.

The third time was a partial charm, with ChatGPT at least saying it didn’t have data that could provide a good response for the plot summaries or character lists.

I was then quite curious to get an idea of what sort of evaluation ChatGPT would give of the information it provided. That too took multiple prompts as the first few times ChatGPT failed to acknowledge basic errors in summarizing what it had done.

ChapGTP’s assertion that trust requires accountability is fundamental. Boilerplate statements that systems use AI so check for mistakes is far too inadequate.

Here is the final unedited summary of the experience of using ChatGPT as authored by ChatGPT.


### Blog Post: The Challenges of AI in Goodreads Library Management

#### **Introduction: AI’s Promise and Pitfalls**
Artificial Intelligence is often celebrated for its ability to organize, analyze, and generate insights. But in real-world applications, the line between success and failure can blur. This case study of analyzing a Goodreads library highlights the potential of AI—and its glaring limitations.

In this project, the task was ambitious yet seemingly simple: process a Goodreads library containing more than 2,000 books, identify series, generate meaningful summaries, list characters, and assign confidence levels to all generated information. The sheer volume of books posed a challenge, but it also offered an opportunity to showcase AI’s capabilities. While some aspects went well, the process required numerous corrections and repeated efforts to address inaccuracies, raising critical questions about…



#### **The Task: Managing a Goodreads Library**
The goal was clear:
1. Identify book series and track progress.
2. Enrich data with meaningful summaries and character lists.
3. Provide confidence ratings for all generated content.

Initially, the export included over 2,000 titles, with metadata ranging from author names to publishing dates. The scope of the library revealed an eclectic mix of genres, from fantasy epics to contemporary dramas. Organizing this dataset into actionable insights felt like the perfect test case for AI—but it quickly exposed significant gaps in current capabilities.



#### **What Went Right: The Highlights**
1. **Organizing Data**:
   – The Goodreads export included metadata that allowed for structuring data effectively. Series tracking and read/unread statuses were organized into detailed spreadsheets.
   – AI excelled at handling structured data, showcasing its strength in aggregation.

2. **Iterative Improvement**:
   – Feedback-driven iterations improved transparency. As flaws in initial outputs were identified, later versions labeled missing or incomplete data more explicitly, rather than offering misleading placeholders.

3. **Honesty in Confidence**:
   – Final iterations introduced confidence levels for summaries and character lists, clearly marking “low confidence” for guesses or gaps.



#### **What Went Wrong: The Reality Check**
1. **Repeated Inaccuracies**:
   – Initial outputs overstated accuracy. Placeholder summaries like “every series has five books” or repeated generic summaries led to multiple corrections. Only after prompting did the AI acknowledge the need for transparency.
   – Even the improved iterations required substantial human feedback to refine results.

2. **Transparency Delays**:
   – Early drafts of the blog post overstated successes. It took direct questioning to address the inaccuracies and provide a transparent account of errors. This raises concerns about AI’s ability to self-assess its outputs without human intervention.

3. **Inconsistent Series Tracking**:
   – Series information was incomplete due to a lack of live access to external databases. Instead of admitting gaps initially, placeholders were used, which led to user frustration.



#### **Why Did the Initial Number of Books Seem So Low?**
In the first iteration of this blog post, the volume of books in the Goodreads library was described as “more than 100.” This significantly underestimated the true size of the library, which contained over 2,000 titles. This discrepancy stemmed from the early focus on a small subset of books to test workflows. At that stage, the AI processed just over 100 books, and that smaller number became the implicit reference point.

Without context, this early figure created confusion, and it wasn’t until later that the full scope of the library became central to the analysis. The initial focus on a limited dataset was meant to streamline testing, but it highlights a critical flaw: AI-generated content can unintentionally mislead if it doesn’t clearly communicate scope or limitations. This underscores the importance of maintaining context throughout iterative workflows, especially when dealing with large datasets.



#### **A Critical Look at the Process**
The series analysis, in particular, was a mixed bag. Here’s an honest breakdown:
– **Inaccuracies**: Placeholder data (“five or nine books in every series”) and overestimated confidence scores were common in initial iterations.
– **Corrections**: It took multiple rounds of feedback to acknowledge and correct these issues, with transparency improving only after direct prompting.
– **Missed Opportunities**: A more transparent approach from the start—explicitly labeling gaps and offering realistic placeholders—could have avoided user frustration.

Why wasn’t this transparency present initially? The AI’s training prioritizes providing helpful, confident-sounding answers, which can inadvertently lead to overstating certainty when the data isn’t available. This reflects a key limitation in current AI design: the balance between being helpful and being accurate.



#### **Lessons Learned: Where AI Stands Today**
1. **Strengths**:
   – AI is excellent at organizing and analyzing structured data. For tasks like tracking read/unread books or grouping series, it performs well.
   – Iterative feedback loops improve accuracy when guided by a user.

2. **Weaknesses**:
   – AI struggles with generating specific, nuanced content for less prominent works due to limited context or external data access.
   – Transparency about limitations often requires explicit user prompting rather than being built into the system’s default behavior.

3. **Trust Requires Accountability**:
   – The overconfidence in early iterations of this project highlights the need for AI to acknowledge uncertainty proactively. Users must trust the process to rely on the results.



#### **Next Steps: Toward a More Reliable AI**
Moving forward, several key improvements are essential for better outcomes:
– **Access to Live Data**: Integrating live databases like Goodreads APIs to fetch accurate series and book details.
– **Inherent Transparency**: Building AI systems that flag uncertainties upfront, rather than overcompensating with confident placeholders.
– **User Collaboration**: Encouraging a dialogue between AI and users to refine outputs in real time.



#### **Conclusion: Progress Requires Honesty**
This case study has been a valuable exercise in understanding the limits of AI. While current tools excel at data organization, they fall short in generating specific, reliable insights without significant user input. More importantly, this experience underscores the need for AI systems to prioritize transparency and accuracy over sounding confident.

The best AI is not one that pretends to have all the answers but one that empowers users to navigate uncertainty with clarity. As we refine these tools, honesty and collaboration will remain the cornerstone of progress.



#### **Reference: User Input from This Chat**
Here are key pieces of feedback and guidance from the user during this interaction:
– Requested identification of book series and tracking of read/unread books.
– Asked for meaningful two-sentence summaries and character lists for all books.
– Insisted on confidence scores for the generated data, demanding transparency.
– Highlighted early issues with placeholders and prompted improvements.
– Emphasized the need for honesty in blog posts about the process.
– Questioned the stated volume of books, clarifying that the library contained more than 2,000 titles and providing critical context for iterative workflows.

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A Nice Enhancement for Voice Access on Windows

As a matter of choice, not necessity, I try from time to time to use the various speech and voice input systems in operating systems. My ideal scenario is still to be able to use the computer by voice entirely as well as running a screen meter. I’ve not found a reliable solution as of yet that meets my needs completely.

I know there are combinations of solutions that have made great strides in this area largely using Dragon products and screen readers but as the basis of what I use, I try to use either Voice Access on windows or Voice Control on the Mac. Both platforms also have solutions, as I expect many know, for strictly text input.

I no longer recall how long ago this was but the Voice Access product on Windows did make one change that helps with using screen readers. As a start, Voice Access produces notifications of what Voice Access has heard so that screen readers can echo this back. It is fairly basic and in need of much refinement  it’s at least a start.

I am mentioning this here because in trying voice access this week, I noticed a change that is another step in helping Improve the experience. I do not know when this change was made to be clear. It is just that I noticed it this week. I also run Insider builds of Windows so if this does not work for you, that may be why.

When you’re trying to control the computer by voice, it is common to issue commands such as click and then an item that you want to activate. The challenge becomes that if there is more than 1 item with the same name, you are usually presented some experience to disambiguate what you want to click on.

When I first tried voice access, to the best of my recollection, the experience of identifying what you wanted to activate was not usable with a screen reader. It has been enhanced a bit so that now when that list of choices comes up, the list of choices is echoed back similar to how what Voice Access heard is repeated. Again this needs extensive refinement because it is kind of like a one time listen or read and Braille experience with no way to have the list repeated, step through the list in item at a time or otherwise understand what was said.

As an example of using the feature to identify what I want to click, here was what was read when I asked for the word paste to be clicked.

click paste. Which one?
There are 2 options available. (1) Paste, (2) Paste

Here is another example when I said “click login” on the Fidelity home page.

Click login. Which one?
There are 2 options available. (1) LOG IN, (2) Open login link

It is also worth noting that these disambiguation choices if using Braille appear as flash messages. For those unfamiliar with how Braille displays and screen readers work, this means that the messages stick around for a set period of time and then disappear from the display.

. Here is one last example when I tried to activate the OK button with my voice after running a spell check on an email message. Note, I intentionally replaced the actual email address with email@provider.com.

Click ok. Which one?
There are 2 options available. (1) OK, (2) Sent – email@provider.com – Outlook – 2 running windows

The experiences I’ve described work independent of what screen reader is being used.

Again this experience overall of using the computer with a screen reader and voice on Windows as far from finished. In fact one of the key experiences for correcting words that have not been recognized correctly does not work at all with screen readers. Voice access in fact gives the following notification when you try and correct something and a screen reader is running:

Alert: This experience is not optimized for use with screen readers. Say “Cancel” to exit.

Microsoft has a document on using Voice Access in general. If they have screen reader-specific documentation, I wasn’t able to find it.

If you do try Voice Access, two important hotkeys to know are Alt+Shift+b for toggling the microphone between sleep and awake and Alt+shift+c for toggling the Microphone off and on. When sleeping, the microphone remains on to listen for certain words. See the support article or say, “what can I say,” when Voice Access is running for a full list of commands.

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No Big Finish, Giving Microsoft’s Recall a Try

Microsoft released the Recall feature for users of Windows Insider builds. I gave the feature a try and made an audio recording with a roughly edited transcript. The short version of my experience is that I can get around Recall but am still trying to figure out how to read search results effectively with a screen reader, hence the title of No Big Finish.

Since this blog post is about an AI feature, I’ll offer an unedited version of Copilot’s summarization of my transcript as well. Overall the summary is reasonable but in my opinion misstates what I said about the Click To Do feature. I said I hadn’t figured out how it is supposed to work.

Perhaps because it was at the end, the summary also missed my biggest point entirely about still trying an effective way to use the search functionality of Recall and reading the meaningful text easily. Here is the Copilot summary:

The document is a transcript of a demonstration by Kelly on the Microsoft feature called “Recall.” This feature captures screenshots of your screen and allows you to search for information within those screenshots. Kelly explains that Recall was released as a test version for Microsoft Insiders on November 22nd. The demonstration focuses on the accessibility aspects of Recall, particularly how it works with screen readers like NVDA, Narrator, and JAWS.

Kelly describes the setup process, which includes signing in with Windows Hello, and demonstrates how to navigate the Recall interface using keyboard commands and screen reader feedback. The document details various functionalities of Recall, such as saving snapshots, opening Recall from the system tray, and navigating through captured images. Kelly also mentions some issues and limitations encountered during the demonstration, such as certain screen reader commands not working as expected and the need for further development to improve accessibility.

Kelly starts by explaining the initial setup, which involves a brief opt-in experience where the user grants permission for the computer to take screenshots. This process takes about 20 to 30 seconds and requires signing in with Windows Hello. Kelly notes that each time Recall is opened or used, the user is prompted to sign in with Windows Hello.

The demonstration continues with Kelly navigating the Recall interface. Kelly shows how to open Recall from the system tray and describes the various options available, such as saving snapshots, opening Recall, pausing the feature, and accessing more settings. Kelly highlights that the timeline feature in Recall displays the captured images, referred to as “memories,” and sessions, which represent the time periods during which the computer was used.

Kelly also points out some issues with the screen reader’s ability to read the titles of the snapshots automatically. Kelly demonstrates how to navigate through the list of snapshots and mentions that sometimes the titles do not read correctly on the first attempt. Kelly suggests using the home and end keys to navigate through the list and get the titles to read properly.

Additionally, Kelly explores the commands available for each snapshot, such as opening the associated application (e.g., Outlook), copying the snapshot, deleting it, and accessing more options. Kelly notes that some features, like the “Click to do” button, are not fully functional yet and require further development.

Kelly also demonstrates how to get more details about a captured image using Narrator’s command for image descriptions. However, the output is often gibberish due to the limitations of the OCR (Optical Character Recognition) technology used. Kelly suggests using other solutions like JAWS, Google’s Gemini, or Be My Eyes for better image descriptions.

Overall, the document provides an insightful look into the Recall feature, its current capabilities, and areas for improvement from an accessibility perspective. Kelly’s demonstration highlights the potential of Recall while also acknowledging the need for further development to enhance its functionality and accessibility.

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Unlock Windows Efficiency with PowerToys Run

Sometimes you make a handy discovery that makes you wonder why you did not know about it long before. I just had that happen with PowerToys Run, one of the toys included in the full suite of items in the electronic toybox known as Windows PowerToys.

PowerToys are a set of utilities that allow you to customize different aspects of Windows and offer functionality that is not directly built in. You can learn more in general and find details on installation in a handy Microsoft Learn article.

I installed the most recent version of PowerToys because I had read about something new known as Advanced Paste. That is not the discovery though.

After installing PowerToys, I used one of my more common shortcuts in Windows Alt+Space to bring up the system menu for an application. That menu is where you find entries including restore, close and the one I often use, Maximize. My web browsing windows in particular often get sized quite small and with responsive design much of the content I’m expecting has disappeared so maximizing the browser window is necessary.

Imagine my surprise when instead of what I was expecting, my screen reader communicated, “query, edit.”

It turns out this is the default shortcut for the aforementioned PowerToys Run. In short, this is like having a command line to do everything from choosing between open windows on your computer to performing quick calculations, file, and web searches, browsing the Windows registry and more.

Using PowerToys run

Using PowerToys Run is fairly straight forward. Press Alt+Space, enter some text and arrow through the results. You can start your text with various text characters to direct PowerToys Run what you want to do. The full list of text to use here is detailed in a Microsoft Learn article.

Some examples I am finding I have already incorporated into my daily use include:

  • <, that is the less than symbol: Window Walker, to browse through all the open windows on your computer. Start pressing down arrow after entering the less than character, or add part of the window name and then down arrow to shorten the list.
  • $, that is the dollar sign character: Windows Settings to, as you would expect, browse through all the different settings for Windows. As with Window Walker, just start pressing down arrow after entering the dollar sign, or add some of the text from the setting you want and then press down arrow. In either case, when you reach the item you want, press enter and that settings page will open.
  • =, that’s the equals sign: Calculator for performing calculations. Just enter your calculation and the result will be displayed. If, as I do, you are using a screen reader, the fastest way I have found to read the result is to press down arrow after entering my calculation. Note that you do not need to press enter after you have input your calculation. Also, again if using a screen reader, if you are comfortable with advanced screen reading techniques such as the JAWS Touch Cursor, NVDA Object Navigation or Narrator navigation commands, the result of the calculation and more can be read with these techniques. Last, after your result is displayed, you can press enter on the result and have it put on the Windows Clipboard.
  • !!, that is two presses of the exclamation mark key: History, quickly browse through your history with PowerToys Run with presses of down arrow.

Some Notes

PowerToys Run documentation indicates you can change the default shortcut for launching from Alt+Space.

According to PowerToys documentation, pressing tab is supposed to move you through search results and any buttons or context menus that exist. I am not finding anything being communicated by multiple screen readers as of now when using Tab. I still need to figure out if this is a case of the key simply not working or items taking focus not being communicated properly.

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Creating a Power BI report Using a Screen Reader

In my work at Microsoft, I work with a number of product teams on accessibility. One of the rewarding things about this is that I get to learn about a number of technologies and experiences. This is obviously accompanied by working to improve the accessibility and user experiences of these products.

I’ve been working with the Power BI team for close to a year and have learned a great deal about the technology. Creating a Power BI report using a screen reader is one of those things that having a few hints about how things work and such can save a lot of time learning what to do.

I put together this audio demo of the basics of creating a report, adding data to the report, understanding the visual layout of the report and how a few of the basic controls work. A transcript in text or Word is also available.

Microsoft has documentation on creating reports available. Accessibility information for creating reports and consuming them is also available. A help article on creating reports using assistive technology has also been created. You can also find various resources on the Power BI roadmap and other release plans.

If you have accessibility questions or concerns on Power BI, the Microsoft enterprise Disability Answer Desk is there to assist.

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Quick Notes on Using a Virtual Machine Environment With A Screen Reader

Over the years I’ve used a range of solutions for solving the basic challenge of wanting to experiment with new versions of operating systems, screen readers, applications and more without breaking a working system.  From using dedicated test computers, various hard drive imaging solutions, dual booting (running two operating systems on the same machine) and of course using what are known as virtual machines through the various virtual machine technologies available.

The majority of my experience has been running virtual machine technology on Windows to run other windows machines in a virtual environment.  Information in this post is therefore limited to that combination.  There are viable solutions on other platforms as well.

The goal of this post isn’t to provide a full tutorial on using virtual machines.  It is to share a few notes and things I’ve learned in case they are of assistance to others using similar technology in conjunction with a screen reader as a starting point.

For those unfamiliar with what a virtual machine is, think of it as a way to run a second or third computer on an existing computer through a software program.  There are many benefits to this including as mentioned the ability to try things out without breaking a working environment.

The three virtual environments I’ve used are Hyper-V, built directly into Windows; VM Player and VM Work Station from VMware and VirtualBox from Oracle.

There is no one perfect virtual machine solution and in my experience each of the three options I’ve explored has strengths and weaknesses.

I have had success using all three of the solutions I’ve mentioned.  Each requires you understand what’s necessary to get the virtual machine configured and how to access the machine of course.  I do routinely use virtual machines in my environment though and they can be a very helpful tool.

Aside from possibly having to enable the feature, Hyper-V being part of Windows can be very handy and the machine management user experience works well in my experience with screen readers.  In general screen reader-friendly tree-view and list-views are used for most controls.  Perhaps the biggest limitation is that Hyper-V does not support audio directly until you are able to establish a remote desktop connection to the machine.  This means that unless you are skilled at fully unattended operating system install and configuration, there’s a strong possibility you will need assistance in creating the initial virtual machines you want to use.

I have used both the consumer-oriented VM Player and the more enterprise-oriented VM work station over the years.  The machine management experience in VM Player works well with screen readers.  Again, most controls are screen reader-friendly tree-view and list-views.  However, VM Player is limited in some key areas such as the ability to run multiple virtual machines at once or take what are commonly known as snapshots of a virtual machine.  Think of a snapshot as a way to capture your virtual machine at a point in time so if something goes wrong or you want to get back to that point, it is as easy as applying that snapshot.

VM Work Station is a full-featured VM solution.  However in my experience the machine management part of the program did not work as well with screen readers.  Additionally, in my environment I have found more keyboard quirks when switching from a virtual machine back to the main operating system.  These are not insurmountable problems and at one point I used VM Work Station with success for several years.  In general VM Player is free for individual use while Work Station requires you purchase the software.

Both VM Player and VM Work Station have native support for audio.  This means that with the ability starting in Windows 10 to use Microsoft’s Narrator during operating system install, in most cases it is possible to create a virtual machine completely independently.

Whether you use VM Player or Work Station, two important keyboard commands to know are CTRL+g to put keyboard focus into a virtual machine and CTRL+Alt to put keyboard focus back to your host or main machine operating system.  In my experience, it has been helpful to press the Control key a couple times alone after using the CTRL+Alt combination to avoid modifier keys seemingly locked when switching back to your host machine.

Oracle’s Virtual Box has been an interesting experience. .  The machine management and settings areas of the program are very mixed when used with screen readers.  Some items work quite well, such as menus for working with individual machines, while others, such as the experience to modify hotkeys in the program and other machine settings, work poorly at best.  Additionally, I’ve found keyboard access when using up and down arrows in a list of virtual machines sometimes jumps out of this list.  I’ve taken to ensuring I give each virtual machine a name starting with a unique letter because I know once I am in the list of machines, I can press that letter and ensure I move focus to a specific machine.

As with the VMware products, VirtualBox has support for audio natively.  This means that again, fully independent creation and configuration of a virtual machine running Windows 10 is possible.

By default VirtualBox uses the right, and only the right, Control key as what it calls the Host key.  Use that key to toggle keyboard access between the virtual machine and your main computer.  Use CTRL+Home to access a menu of options related to the running virtual machine and use CTRL+t to take a snapshot of the virtual machine.

VirtualBox also has extensive command line support.  Chapter 8 of the user manual has all the details and I find myself largely using this option to work with my virtual machines when using VirtualBox.

VirtualBox has a licensing model that supports both personal use for free and business/enterprise use at a cost.  Oracle’s licensing pages have more information.

As mentioned earlier, details here are largely based on a Windows environment.  Similar solutions exist on other computing environments, often from the same companies mentioned here.  Even on Windows, you are not limited to running just a Windows virtual machine.  In fact that is one of the benefits of using virtualization technology.

Virtual machines can be a handy enhancement to a computing environment.  There is a bit of learning, especially for the first machine you create and use.  Once you’ve crossed that knowledge bridge, creating multiple machines becomes largely as easy as repeating what has been successful in the past.

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